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高考英语书面表达:英语写作中出现的思维定势错误

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  误:I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.
  正:I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together.
  析:有的同学记住了定语从句的规则,当先行词指时间时,关系词用when,而没用考虑它在定语从句中做什么成分。此句中的spent是及物动词,应由which或that替代the days作它的宾语。
  2. 炎日下没有比一杯冷饮更让人愉悦的了。
  误:Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day.
  正:Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
  析:有的同学只知道用that指代前面的单数或不可数名词,用those指代复数名词。殊不知,此句中Few pleasures和a cool drink这种乐趣相比,因此应该看成单数概念。
  3. 他从上一星期二一直病着。
  误:He has been ill from last Tuesday.
  正:He has been ill since last Tuesday.
  析:有的同学认为“从…”译为from, 如:从7点到9点from7 to 9;从家到学校from home to school. 但在现在完成式中却用since.
  4. 那个丢失的孩子最后一次被看见在河边玩。
  误:The missing boy was last seen to play near the river.
  正:The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
  析:有的同学只记得:在主动语态中感官动词后面不带to,而变为被动语态时则必须带to. 因此没有具体分析,此句是考查感官动词后接现在分词表示动态情景。“看见某人正在做某事”译为see sb. doing sth.,变为被动语态为sb. is seen doing sth.
  5. 他很少上学迟到,如果有的话,也很少。
  误:He is seldom, if any , late for school.
  正:He is seldom, if ever, late for school.
  析:有的同学知道any用于if引导的条件状语从句中,但此句是一个省略句,完整的句子为He is seldom, if he has ever been , late for school. 用if ever表示如果曾经迟到过的话。
  6. 他把雨伞忘在火车上了。
  误:He has forgot his umbrella on the train.
  正:He has left his umbrella on the train.
  析:“遗忘”译为forget 或leave.但二者是由区别的:leave 多于表示场所的地点状语连用,而forget 通常不与表场所的地点状语连用。外出时把东西忘记在家里的时候通常用forget. 如:“我忘了带驾驶证”译为I’ve forgot the driver’s license.

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